Railway slope protection

First, slope slope protection includes:

1. Plant protection: planting grass, laying turf, planting trees.

2. Engineering protection (mineral protection): frame protection, cover, protective wall, dry sheet stone slope protection, pulp sheet stone slope protection, pulp precast block slope protection, bolt steel wire mesh spraying, shotcrete slope protection.

2. Conditions for the application of various protective projects

(1) Plant protection

1. Grass protection: It is suitable for embankments and cutting slopes where the slope is stable, the slope is slightly washed by rain, and it is easy for grass to grow. Grass species with well-developed roots, low leaf stems, multi-year growth and suitable for local soil and climatic conditions were selected and planted in a 1000px (topsoil thickness ≥ 500px when no cooked soil) topsoil layer. The sowing methods include spreading method, spraying method and row planting method. The two new methods currently being used are wet spraying technology and guest soil spraying technology.

2. Laying turf: suitable for soil slopes that need rapid greening. There are four forms of turf slope protection paving: tiling, stacking, square format and egg (piece) stone square format.

3. Planting shrubs: used in conjunction with planting grass and laying turf to form a good protective layer on the slope, suitable for soil slopes and expansive soil slopes, but it is not suitable for saline soil often flooded and often arid slopes and silty soil slopes. Shrubs should be planted on slopes of 1:1.5 or less, or on river beaches along embankments, to reduce flow velocity and promote siltation.

(2) Engineering protection

1. Frame protection is suitable for soil or weathered rock slopes, frame protection can use concrete, slurry (block) stone, pebble (gravel) stone, etc. as the skeleton, and plant protection or other auxiliary protective measures should be used in the frame.

2. The cover includes plastering, pounding, spraying, shotcrete and other protective forms.

(1) Wipe protection is suitable for soft rock excavation slopes that are easy to weather, and the rock surface is relatively complete and has not been peeled.

(2) Pounding surface protection is suitable for soil slopes that are easily washed by rainwater and rock slopes that are easy to weather.

(3) Shotcrete and shotcrete protection are suitable for rock excavation slopes where slopes are prone to weathering, cracks and joints develop, and slope surface is uneven.

3. The parapet wall is used to close various soft rock formations and relatively broken excavated slopes and soil slopes where the slope surface is susceptible to erosion. The excavated slope protected by the protective wall should not be steeper than 1:0.5, and should meet the requirements of the limit stable slope. The parapet wall is divided into solid, window hole type, arch type and other types, which should be reasonably selected according to the geological conditions of the slope.

4. Stone slope protection

(1) Dry sheet stone slope protection is suitable for slope protection of soil slopes that are easily eroded by water flow, soft rock slopes with severe spalling, periodic flooding and river banks or reservoir bank slopes that are lightly washed by water flow (flow velocity is less than 2-4m/s).

(2) Pulp sheet (pebble) stone slope protection is suitable for slopes with large protective flow velocity (3~6m/s), strong wave effect, flowing water, floating objects and other impacts. Soil slopes that are excessively wet or frost-damaged should be drained before paving.

5. Pulp precast block protection is suitable for areas where stone is lacking. The concrete strength of precast blocks should not be lower than C15 and C20 in cold areas.